Xflying-machine



A. HOI LAND. FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY-20 15 918.

I Patented Jilly 8, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SlifEET I BYluls ATTORJVEJ'Z- A. HOILAND. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATIOR FILED MAY 20. I918.

Patented July 8, 1919.-

; v 2 HEET E I O 35 56 w 3? M than s reens rarer 'r J ALBERT HOILAND, OFFARGO, NORTH DAKOTA, ASSIGNOB- OF ONE-TENTH TO ANDREVJ' M. CARLSEN, OFST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.

ELYING I /IACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' talented July, 8, llll'll.

Application filed May 20, 1918. Serial No. 235,638.

To all whom, it may concern Be it known that I, ALBER" Hounso, citr zenof the United Stategresiding at l argo, in the county of Cass and Stateof North Dakota, havh invented a new and useful lllying-lllaehine, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to flying machines, and the main object is toprovide an eilici'ent flying machine for military service, and to thatend the machine is so constructed that it may ascend without moyinghorizontally, and likewise it may be held in any desired place in theair without moving in any direction, thus enabling the aviator to takeexact vertical aim and either shoot shells or drop bombs upon anybuilding, ship orwar supply station, fort or base, where he wishes tocause destruction. Other objects and. ad vantages will appear in thefollowing specification, and the novel features oi. the structure willhe particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

in the accompanying drawings-- Figure 1 is a side elevation of the1mproved flying machine, 2 is a top or plan view of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is anenlarged plan view of the main frame and mechanism of the machineintersected about as on the line 3- 5 in Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a crosssection on the line H in Fig. 3 with the eccentrics 40 turned toward theright instead o'l. toward the left in Fig. 3. Fig. shows several of: theparts of the machine modified, the view is a cross section about as ontheline lt in Fi". 3 but on a reduced scale. Fig. (3 is a section on theline 66 in Fig. 4.

Referring to the drawing by reference numerals, 6 designates in ageneral way the body of the flying wheel. It is provided with runners 7and legs 8, simply to support it high enough above the ground to al: lowthe lateral wings, a, and I), to operate without striliing the ground.The main frame may be of any suitable construction, and may have more orless of its lower portion closed by a floor 10.

Ivl'ormted on the floor is a motor 11, near which is mounted a seat 12,for the operator. The motor shaft 13 is provided at its front end with aclutch 14:. which when operated by a lever 15, adapted to engage anotched Sector 16, will engage and rotate the shaft 17 of a propeller l8whenever it'he desired to use said propeller.

and arranged to be'cngagedalternately one I at a time by one of" severalgears 26, which are fixed on a sleeve 27, the latter is slidably keyedon the shaft 28 and is slid on same by a shifter 29, rod 30, and a handlever 31, the latter is air angcd to be held in either notch of anotched bracket The gear arrangement just described serves to change thespeed of the shaft 28 without changing the speed of the motor. v

Upon the rear end of the shaft 28 is fixed a gear as, that meshes with agear 34, rotating either on or with a. short shaft Fixed to rotate witheach gear 33 and 34; is a sprocket 36, which by a iink hclt 37 drives a.sprocket 38, the latter spmckets are fixed one on each ot two parallelshafts 39, which in Figs. 3 and 4t, are located in the upper part ofeach side of the frame, and on each of them is fixed an eccentric 40 foreach wing, a and. I), at the adjacent side of the machine. Drct'erablyevery other eccentric is lined in opposite radial direction of the shaftto the next eccentric thereon; and each eccentric on either shaft pointsin same radial direction as the eccentric rectly across therefrom on theshaft in other side of the machine.

Each eccentric ope'ates in a. yoke l1, which is fixed on a. sleeve 4-2,the latter serving as journal bearing for the arm 43 of each wing and istrunnioned on a shaft or dithe bar 44:, so as to swing the wing up anddown upward during the upward stroke of the wing, an'd at the start ofthe downward. stroke the air will restore the wing to normal about levelposition. The latter tnrning movement of the wing is hastened by a the 'will also be noted, that said cushions are each spring 45, which has oneend attached to a rocker erm e6 fixed on the journal 43 of the wing, andthe other end etteched to a. projection 457 on the journal box 42% Tocontrol and regulate this partial rotation of the wing journal undervarious conditions, I mount loosely upon each shaft elt, a series ofcums or eccentrics fl8,'6tt0ll one provided with a rocker arm d9, whichby a rod 50 is connected with e rocker :arm 51 fixed on a rock-shaft 52,mounted near the floor of the machine. EilCll of said rockshefts isprovided with e miter-:geer 53, meshing with e. miter-gear 5- fixed ona. transverse shaft 55. The letter shaft is mounted in bearings 56, 57,58 and provided with a hand lever 59, shifteble into different notchesin u 'sector 60, by which means the eccentrics 48 are held in differentrotated positions And in such positions difierent radii of eacheccentric will stopthe upward swingingpi" the rocker arm 46. It shouldhere be noted that each anti/146 has an angular end portion ineetihgt eperiphery of the eccentric and is provided with a cushion 61 (see Fig.4) to contact with the eccentric with the least possible noise. It

arranged" at an incline; this is to compensate for the varied.,mi*ed orlowered posiings at the moment theyv are to bettlted. Thus byconsidering the wing at, in Fig. 4! in the light of Fig 6, it will beunderstood that when the propeller ,is in use all the wings, a and o,are set in about the position m in Fig. 6, and are held still, to serveas air planes. For fiying up ward only, the wings sweet as M, in Fig. 6,and operated while the propeller is idle; and if the engine gets out oforder so'it becomes necessery to volplanc down, then the Wings are allsimultaneously tilted to about the position a in Fig. 6. The lattertilt-- ing may also be used together with operation of the propellerwhen an extra high forward speed may he desired, as in chasing an enemyor in escaping from him.

Said three tilted positions and even other extra positions of the wingsare secured by placing of the lever 59 in the required notch of thesector 60, as that will hold all the ca-ins or eccentrics 40 in likerelation to the cushions 61, provided all the wings could occupy say thehorizontal position a, in Fig. 1

l, but as already indicated every-other Wing, say all wings a in Figs. 2and 3 are raised simultaneously, say up to the line 0 in Fig. 4:, and atthe same time all wings b, are down to the line d, in said figure, andwhile in said positions, the cushions fil of theraised wings wouldstrike almost the largest radius of the eccentrics and the [cushions ofthe low-v ered wings would strike too close to the smallestradius ofeach eccentric, it is to remedy this that each cushionis inclined ormosses I" 4 else made smaller toward the end or? the am holding it, sowhen the wing is raised the lowerend of the cushion. will hit the.larger part of the eccentric, and when the wing is down to d, the largeror higher end of the cushion will Contact with the smell part oi theeccentric, and when the wing is anywhere between its upper end lowerpositions 0, end d,in Fig. l, the cushion will stop the tilting of theWing at the proper time by contacting with the proper part of theeccentrio between the highest and lowest point thereof.

In further describing the operetion, it

will, of course, be understood that by meuns e of the clutches 14 and19, the propeller or the wings or both propeller and wings may bestarted and run by the motor, and that the speed oi. the wings may beregulated by the gears 25, 2.6 and lever 31. The tail or 8 rudder 62 maybe of on y suitable form and operated by any suitable means. rind thewings a and b, may likewise beconstruoted of any suitable lightmaterial, and as to their numbers and arrangement, I have shown eightwings, but it is obvious that four, six or more than eight may beemployed, and while I have shown the wings as operated in pairslocateg]Lone wing diagonally from the other at the opposite side of the machine,it is evident that the wings may also be operated in pairs of two wingsdirectly opposite one from the other, this depends simply on how theeccentrics 40 are arranged on tlr shafts. The main idea is to use manyWin so as to be able to fly even if some of them should damaged. Also todistribute the weight of the machine in the best possible way upon thewing area; and, above ell, to

have some wings support the machine while the other wings are hastenedupward for s new hold on the air In the modification shown in Fig, 5, itwill be seen that if so desired many of the heavy machine parts may belocated-nearer to the 1.110

floor than in Fig. 4. Alsothstiusteed or the eccentrics 4:0, cranks 40be eniployed, and the yolres 41 are removed! from the journals. 4:2 andplaced as 4Q and connected by a rod 63 to enqarrri'fitflon the 1%Journal box; said arm 3S provided with sevoral apertures 64*, to whichthe-tied Gamay be moved and thereby increase or, ecreese the stroke ofthe wing. In this 1 eodified form the rod 50 and all its connections arethe gears33 and 34. The engine or motor is also made lower or broughtcloser to the floor, and as this brings the motor shaft lower than thepropeller shaft, the latter is proyided with a sprocket 66, driven by acham 67 from a sprocket 68 fixed on the .130

' dispense with all chains and sprockets from the machine, the wheels 66and 68 may be made gear wheels of suitable sizes to mesh to ether.

. Vhat I claim is: a 1, In aflying machine, a-suitable frame, a

motor, a series of pivotally mounted wings t1? v. the wings, by whichalternatively some.

extending from each side of the frame, operative connection between themotor and wings'at each side of the frame are swung upward while othersare swung downward;

said win s being mounted to tilt to different forward y and rearwardlyinclined positions; springs arranged to aid the air in tiltinto activeposition, means for automatica 1y limiting said tilting action of thesprings, and means to be operated by the aviator whereby the automaticlimiting means may be varied to permit all the wings to tiltsimultaneously to any (lQSlIQd POSItlOD.

means for limitin bein 2. The structure s ecified in claim 1, said t eaction of the springs automatica l1 adjustable so as to act on a thewings alf e regardlessof the longitudinal inclination' of the Wingsresulting from their swinging movement in the act of flyin 3. [hestructure specified in claim 2, said frame having at each sidea.long1tud 1nal fixed shaft serving as pivots for thewmgs said automaticlimiting means comprising a series of eccentrics loosely mounted on eachof said shafts, and means for turning all of said eccentricssimultaneously to any desired position, a series of journal boxestrunnioned across each of said shafts and having each a rocker armforming a part of the operative connection with the motor; each winghavin its inner end provided with a stem journa ed in one of saidbearings and provided with a rocker arm arranged to stop against theface of the adjacent eccentric' when the wing is feathered to thedesired active position, said springs for tilting the wings belng eachconnected at one end to the rocker arm on the stem and at the other endto the journal bearing.

4. The structure specified in claim 3, said rocker arms on the stemsbeing eacli-provided with cushioning means at the point or art stoppingagainst the eccentric.

n testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

ALBERT HOILAND.

